A living trust is primarily an estate planning tool. It doesn't necessarily save taxes for most people, but it can make it much easier for your family to manage your assets if you become incapacitated or after you die.
Here are the main problems it can solve:
It can avoid probate
Probate is the court-supervised process of transferring assets after someone dies. Depending on where you live and what you own, probate can:
- Take months or longer.
- Cost money in court fees and legal fees.
- Become part of the public record.
Assets that are properly titled in your living trust generally pass according to the trust's instructions without going through probate.
It provides a plan if you become incapacitated
If you're unable to manage your finances because of illness or injury, the person you've named as your successor trustee can step in to manage the trust assets without needing a court to appoint a guardian or conservator.
It can simplify managing multiple properties
If you own real estate in more than one state, a living trust can help your heirs avoid separate probate proceedings in each state, provided those properties are titled in the trust.
It offers more privacy
Unlike a will, which often becomes a public court document during probate, a living trust generally remains private.
It can make the transition smoother
Your successor trustee can often begin paying bills, managing investments, and distributing assets more quickly than if they had to wait for probate.
What it doesn't do
A living trust is often misunderstood. It generally does not:
- Eliminate estate taxes for most people.
- Protect your assets from your own creditors while you're alive (for a typical revocable living trust).
- Avoid the need for a will altogether. Most people with a living trust also have a "pour-over will" to capture assets that weren't transferred into the trust.
- Replace powers of attorney or health care directives.
Is it worth it?
A living trust may be especially worthwhile if:
- You own a home.
- You own property in multiple states.
- You want to make things as easy as possible for your family.
- You value privacy.
- You have a blended family or more complex wishes for how assets should be distributed.
If your situation is very simple—for example, you have modest assets, one home, straightforward beneficiaries, and your state has a simple probate process—a will may be sufficient.
One important catch
Creating the trust is only part of the job. You also need to fund it by transferring ownership of assets (such as your home and, if appropriate, some financial accounts) into the trust. An unfunded trust provides much less benefit because assets that remain outside the trust may still have to go through probate.
For many homeowners, the question isn't whether a living trust is "better" than a will—it's whether the cost and effort of creating and funding the trust are worth the convenience, privacy, and probate avoidance it can provide for their family. An estate planning attorney can also help you determine whether your state's probate process is simple enough that a trust would offer only limited additional benefit.