A single hard inquiry for a loan usually has a small, temporary impact on your credit score.
Here's a general idea:
- Typical impact: About 3–10 points for most people.
- Duration on your credit report: A hard inquiry stays on your report for 2 years.
- Effect on your score: Most scoring models only consider the inquiry for about 12 months, and its impact diminishes over time.
The actual effect depends on your credit profile:
- If you have a long, strong credit history, one inquiry may have little or no noticeable effect.
- If you have a short credit history or several recent inquiries, the impact can be larger.
If you're shopping for certain types of loans, most modern credit scoring models recognize that you're comparing rates:
- Mortgage
- Auto loan
- Student loan
Multiple hard inquiries for the same type of loan made within a rate-shopping window (typically 14–45 days, depending on the scoring model) are generally treated as a single inquiry for scoring purposes.
For credit cards or unrelated loans, each hard inquiry is generally counted separately.
If you're considering applying for a loan, the inquiry itself is usually much less important than factors like:
- Making all payments on time.
- Keeping credit card balances low.
- Avoiding taking on more debt than you can comfortably manage.
If you tell me your current credit score range (for example, 680–719, 720–759, or 760+) and what type of loan you're applying for, I can give you a more tailored estimate of the likely impact.